Death be not proud
If you couldn’t be there, in a nutshell it looked like this. The little wooden church was so full that attendants were seeking standing room up on the ambo. To say it was “standing room only” is a little superfluous as it’s a Russian-style Orthodox Christian church and has no seating anyway, but true to its Russian roots people were crammed in elbow-to-elbow in severe violation of the typical American sense of personal space. This was made slightly less awkward by the lack of electric lighting - you couldn’t see whose feet you were stepping on - and the intimacy of beeswax candlelight.
In the center of the church stood a bearded man with a tall black hat, white-and-gold Russian-style vestments, and a commanding presence softened by large, prayerful eyes. The Bishop was flanked by nine similarly-vested priests and two subdeacons, lining the sides of the simple wooden casket. Candle stands filled with sweet-smelling beeswax tapers haloed the casket’s head and foot with soft light.
Being a priest also - and appearing like the fallen, missing tenth member of the priestly gauntlet - the face of the casket’s occupant was covered by a white brocaded cloth adorned with a cross. This cloth, the aer, would usually cover the gifts of bread and wine upon the altar - the offering of first fruits from the harvest. As he was the offering of first fruits from Christ’s people themselves, his face in death was similarly covered, a gift to God. Upon his chest rested the Gospel book. His right hand comfortably, familiarly, grasped a blessing cross.
It was his hands that struck me. They looked the same, they felt the same, only cold. There was no doubting whose hands they were, and for an Orthodox priest, hands are important. Those hands held the chalice that contains the most important sacrament of an Orthodox Christian’s life. Those hands blessed, they anointed, they comforted. When I confessed something particularly difficult, they rested gently on the top of my head and patted. On the last day I saw him alive, they held my hands firmly as he gave me a last word. That night, when I kissed the cross he held and then kissed his cold hand, it was the last enactment of a ritual I had repeated a thousand times.
If you have never before been to an Orthodox funeral service, you should know that it is like nothing you will see anywhere else. Every Orthodox funeral service is the same, and though the one for a priest is slightly different from the one for non-clergy, it has a set form and will also always be the same. We all walk the same road, we die, we face the same fears, the same judgment, and the same possibilities for eternity. In Christ there is perfect equality. As the readings in the service remind us, God is no respecter of persons. The music is the same, the casket is the same (wooden, modestly lined, simply constructed), the prayers are the same. No rich person will be exalted, and no poor one will be ashamed.
You will hear a great deal of choral music, without instrumental accompaniment, a great deal of chanting, and often a call-and-response (or antiphonal) exchange between the priest and the choir. All of the content can be found in these hymns, and in readings from the epistles and Gospels. Near the end, the presiding clergy - in this case, the Bishop - may give a brief eulogy.
Repeatedly, you will hear this prayer:
O God of spirits and of all flesh, who hast trampled down death and overthrown the Devil, and given life to Thy world, do Thou, the same Lord, give rest to the soul of Thy departed servant, the Archpriest David, in a place of brightness, a place of refreshment, a place of repose, whence all sickness, sorrow, and sighing have fled away. Pardon every sin which he hath committed, whether by word or deed or thought, for Thou art a good God , and lovest mankind; for there is no man that liveth and sinneth not; for Thou only art without sin, and Thy righteousness is to all eternity, and Thy word is truth.
For Thou art the Resurrection, and the Life, and the Repose of Thy servant, David, who hath fallen asleep, O Christ our God, and unto Thee do we send up glory, together with Thy Father, who is without beginning, and Thine all-holy, and good, and life-creating Spirit, now and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen.
All of the prayers and hymns heard focus on these things: our fallen sinfulness, supplications for forgiveness and mercy, and reminders of God’s faithfulness, mercy and promise of the resurrection. For a priest, the canon of Holy Saturday - hymns lauding the death of Christ and reminding us of prophecies surrounding it - is sung. After all, the priest is Christ’s iconographic presence among the people. This verse is particularly comforting and to the point:
Isaiah saw the never-setting light of Thy compassionate manifestation to us as God, O Christ.
Rising early from the night he cried out,
“The dead shall arise! Those in the tombs shall awake! All those on earth shall greatly rejoice!”
Friday night, you would have also heard the part of the Orthodox funeral service that I, personally, most appreciate. “It isn’t sanitized” - those are the words I’ve heard most after people attend their first Orthodox funeral. That’s accurate. The casket is open throughout, the body is not embalmed or made up, there’s no talk of a “memorial” or “tribute” service. At the funeral’s end, the family places the lid on the casket and nails it down. When the casket is placed in the ground, family and friends shovel in the dirt, themselves.
None of the hymns are sanitized, either. One states, in the voice of the dead, “with difficulty I proclaim these things, for your sakes I make lamentation; it may profit some. But when you shall sing these words, remember me who once was known. For often have we walked together, and in the house of God together we sang: Alleluia.” This one pierces me to the heart.
The verses continue:
Let us all be consumed with tears when we behold the remains lying before us, and having drawn near to kiss them, let us all proclaim alike: Behold, thou hast left them that love thee. Thou speakest no more with us. O friend, why speakest thou not as once thou spoke to us? But thou art silent, unable to say with us:
Alleluia.
Why these bitter words of the dying, O brethren, which they utter when they depart: I am parted from the brethren; I leave all my friends and depart? Whither I go, therefore, I know not, neither do I know what shall become of me there. Only God Who summons me knows. But commemorate me with the song: Alleluia.
Where, therefore, do the souls now go? How, then, do they now dwell there? I desire to learn the mystery, but none is able to teach me. Do they remember their own as we remember them? Or have they forgotten the rest of us who are weeping for them and making the song: Alleluia?
None of them who have gone there live again to tell us how they fare, who once were brethren and kinsmen, having gone before us to the Lord. Therefore, many times we say: Shall we see each other there? Shall we see our brethren there? Shall we say together there the psalm: Alleluia?
These words voice all the distress that comes from an honest, grieving human heart, and has issued from the lips of bereaved people everywhere since humans began to be human. There is no glossing over the loss, no promises that things will get better. Though we are reminded again and again of the promised resurrection, we are not chided for having the questions and uncertainties we have - they are acknowledged. On Friday night, when the Bishop encouraged the entire church together to sing, “Alleluia,” there was comfort in the shared voice of a hopeful, but accepted, grief.
Overnight, the body remained in the church, surrounded by candles, and always accompanied by at least one person, reading the Gospels over him. It was my privilege to do this for an hour at 2 am. The church was dark except for those candles, and I read by candlelight. A strange sense of his presence warmed me. I was tremendously comforted by the chance to talk with him one last time, to touch his hand and simply be with him. The most painful thing, to me, is the moment at which the casket is closed, and someone goes physically out of my life forever. It’s not very spiritual of me, I’m sure, but physical presence - touch, warmth, the sight of a face - means so much.
After the Divine Liturgy, with the fallen priest present for one last time, the lid was finally nailed onto the casket by family members. Ten priests carried and accompanied it, with all the faithful, in a procession around the church. As it is placed in the car to be taken to the cemetery they sang this song to the Theotokos, which means God-bearer, the Virgin Mary:
The angel cried to the Lady full of grace,
“Rejoice! Rejoice, O Pure Virgin!
Again I say “Rejoice!” Your Son is risen
From His three days in the tomb.
With Himself He has raised all the dead!
Rejoice, rejoice all ye people!
Shine! Shine! Shine!
Shine O New Jerusalem!
The glory of the Lord has shone on you!
Exalt now, exalt! And be glad O Zion!
Be radiant, O Pure Theotokos!
In the Resurrection
The Resurrection of your Son.
After this comes the Paschal troparion,
Christ is risen from the dead
Trampling down death by death
And upon those in the tombs bestowing life!
Though he has died, and though we acknowledge the hurt and the uncertainty and the fear, though we plead with God for our dead loved one that He be merciful, the real focus - and the conclusion - returns us to the promise of the resurrection. We are reminded that we are not alone in finding death intolerable and bereavement an insufferable affront. God, too, found that separation intolerable, and came to trample down death by dying Himself, and then rising. Though we put our beloved in the ground, and do the abhorrent task of covering him with dirt, and we leave him there - all so painful - we are reminded that we do this in the way we would plant a seed, and he will rise and we will see him again. Death be not proud.